A Beginner's Guide to Proto-Prog

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Introductory Remarks
This is a work in progress appearing extremely sketchy/premature at this stage.

Purpose
Establish the time-dependency (history / development) of prog i.e. the relationship of R&B/pop/rock with the variables jazz, classical, space music and psyche over time. The first prog genres reach a stable stage circa 1970. Thus, the development of prog up to 1970 is established. The subgenres of prog studied include symphonic prog, space rock, heavy prog, Canterbury...

Problem formulation: prog rock genres = f {rock AND (jazz OR R&B OR classical OR psyche OR...)}.

Establishment of a system of (qualitative) governing relations i.e. relations that govern the formulation of a prog rock genre

relationship between R&B/pop/rock and jazz (time-dependent)

where jazz = f(brass instruments, horns)
relationship between R&B/pop/rock and classical music (time-dependt)

where classical = f(string and woodwind instruments)
relationship between R&B/pop/rock and psyche (time-dependency)

where UK psyche = f(spontaneity, silly lyrics, drugs, philosophy...? independent of instrumentation?)
where US psyche = f(folk)
relationship between R&B/pop/rock and space music
relationship bteween R&B/pop/rock and other genres (vaudeville, ska, reggae...)
Heuristic / phenomenological solving of the system of qualitative relations.

Approach

Establishing a playlist of proto-prog tracks
CD review of pre 1970 albums listed in PA
Establishing a method to analyse the relevant music
heuristic (phenomenological) solving of qualitative relations
Analytic Tool
Classification (prog/texture/density achieved by means of "instrumentation")

Guitar oriented

The Shadows, The Ventures --> rock...
Heavy prog / riff based (Who, Hendrix, Andromeda, Led Zeppelin, The Move)
RIO/Avant (Captain Beefheart)
US Psyche (Jefferson Airplane)
UK Psyche (The Move, Who)
Keyboard oriented

Symphonic (Nice, Arthur Brown)
RIO/Avant (The United States Of America)
Space pre-Rock (Joe Meek - clavioline; The Tornados)
Brass oriented (Miles Davis, Stan Kenton, Sun Ra)
Violin oriented (It's A Beautiful Day, High Tide)
Orchestra/strings oriented (Nirvana, Moody Blues, Beatles, Doors, Nice, Deep Purple, Yes)
Eclectic (guitar, brass/strings/woodwind/mellotron)

RIO/Avant (Zappa, Fifty Foot Hose)
UK Psyche (Kaleidoscope)
US Psyche (The Collectors)
Eclectic (Spirit, Pretty Things, East Of Eden, King Crimson, Family)
Heavy prog (Jethro Tull, High Tide)
Keyboard/guitar oriented

The Tornados -->
US Psyche (Doors, Iron Butterfly)
Heavy Prog / riff based (Deep Purple, Vanilla Fudge, Touch, The Gods)
Symphonic (Procol Harum, Renaissance, Yes)
Mixed/balanced (Pink Floyd, Soft Machine? The Gods, Second Hand)
Eclectic (keyboard, brass/strings/woodwind) (Ertegun, Miles Davis, Dave Brubeck, Sun Ra, Soft Machine, Traffic, HP Lovecraft, USA, Sweet**ter, Collectors, Elmer Gantry)
Electronic (Messiaen, Cage, Loius & Bebe Barron, Edgard Varese, Ussachevsky, Dockstader, Joe Meek, The Tornados, The Ventures)

Classification by means of style

Jazz (Sun Ra --> Space Rock)
R&B (Ertegun/Ray Charles, Booker T. & The MG's, The Animals ---(+folk)--> Jefferson Airplane (Doors)/US Psyche --> Pink Floyd/Space Rock)
Folk (The Byrds --(+R&B)--> US Psyche; Prog folk: Shadows)
Classical (Elvis, Beatles)
Electronic (Messiaen, Cage, Louis & Bebe Barron, Varese, Ussachevsky, Dockstader, Joe Meek, The Tornados, The Ventures, Pink Floyd)
Rock (The Shadows -->...)
Quantification

record sales
chart positions
Technology 
Resources

People
Equipment (instruments, processing equipment,recording equipment)
"Materials" (ingredients/components: genre, rhythm, length etc)

jazz
electronic music
space music
avangarde
rock
Processes & Knowledge (of how to combine / composition of the resources into a musical piece)

Composing
playing  (skills, virtuosity)
recording
live, concerts
(creativity, skills)
Organization (of resources and processes into a musical product)

when, what
guitar led, keyboard driven
e.g. eclectic mix of resources and proceses
Musical product

novel, innovative mix of resources, processes and organization
Recording studios

Abbey Road
...
Producers

Joe Meek
George Martin
Chris Blackwell
Teo Macero
Norman Smith (Sgt. Pepper, Piper, Sorrow)
Instruments (introduced in R&B/rock/...)

Les Paul
Theremin
Moog (Beaver & Krause, George Harrison)
the harpsichord (Beach Boys, Rolling Stones, Yardbirds, Hendrix)
12-string (Harrison, McGuinn)
sitar
mellotron (Graham Bond Organisation, Beatles, Moody Blues, Rolling Stones, Zombies, Pretty Things, King Crimson, Simon Dupree)
orchestra (Bealtes, Nirvana, Moody Blues)
woodwind
brass
strings
synthesizer (Beaver & Krause)
organ
Skills (virtuosity)

brass (Miles Davis...)
keyboard (Dave Brubeck, Rod Argent, Emerson...)
guitar (Roger McGuinn --> Howe (e.g. Tomorrow's cover of Byrds' "Why"), Kantner/Kaukonen, Hendrix)
bass (McCartney, Entwistle, Squire)
strings
woodwind (Ian Anderson)
drums (Wyatt)
Processes

concept album (Frank Sinatra 'In the wee small hours of the mornin' + 'Watertown'; soundtracks e.g. South Pacific; Miles Davis 'Porgy And Bess', Lee Hazelwood Trouble is a Lonesome Town (1963) Beach Boys, Zappa, Nirvana 'Story Of Simon Simopath', Pretty Things 'S.F. Sorrow', Moody Blues, Who 'Tommy', The Collectors 'Grass And Wild Strawberries')
long tracks (epics), see http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=21495&KW=&PID=1925817#1925817   and   http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=21669&PN=1   and http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=23727&KW=&PID=1990258#1990258
Genres, styles

raga (Seventh Sons, Kinks, Yardbirds, Beatles)
US psyche (Animals, Byrds, Jefferson Airplane)
UK psyche (Yardbirds, Kevin Ayers/Soft Machine, Syd Barrett/Pink Floyd, Tomorrow, Zappa, Pretty Things, Family)
space rock (The Who, Pink Floyd)
folk (Byrds, Jefferson Airplane)
jazz (Soft Machine, Spirit, Nirvana, Nice)
classical (Beatles, Nice): proto symphonic prog
R&B, rock (Deep Purple, The Gods): proto heavy prog
other (ska, reggae, vaudeville...)
Market (e.g. culture).
Record labels

Phillips' Vertigo Swirl http://www.vertigoswirl.com/
Dandelion http://www.trevormidgley.com/Dandelion.html
Decca's Deram label
EMI's Harvest label
Manticore, Neon, Charisma, Chrysalis (Island), Virgin
german label Brain
please add!

Clubs

London

Speakeasy 
Roundhouse
UFO
Middle Earth
Marquee Club 
San Francisco

The Matrix ('65-'72)
please add!
Concert venues, festivals

Fillmore West
Fillmore East
The Newport Folk And Jazz Festival
Tanglewood
please add!
Charts

Billboard 200 albums
Billboard 100 singles
Record Mirror ’56-’58; Melody Maker ’58-’60; Record Retailer ’60-’72
Societal changes

drugs
philosophy
summer of love
British Invasion (Beatles 1964)

The Development of Proto-Prog (introduction(background)
Prog was initiated as a cultural phenomenon. It was expressed in music, first (circa 1964) via segments of songs (Animals, Beatles, Yardbirds, Who, Beach Boys), then (circa 1966) entire songs (Soft Machine, Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd, Doors) and finally (1968) via entire albums (possibly, Ars longa vita Brevis, East Of Eden 'Mercator Projected', Vanilla Fudge 'Renaissance', The Crazy World of Arthur Brown, HP Lovecraft II, Touch, Soft Machine). 

But it seems that prog rock as an album concept was introduced on ItCotCK.

On the live scene, possibly Soft Machine and Pink Floyd were playing entire gigs of 'prog' in 1966.

The variables of prog (jazz, R&B, folk, rock, psyche) are chosen by establishing links with proto-prog bands. For instance,

jazz: Canterbury (Soft Machine)
R&B:space rock?
US psyche
In 1966-1968 most (all?) proto-prog bands experimented with a mix of rock, jazz, psyche, raga, space rock. This suggests that prog = f(rock,psyche, space rock, jazz, raga).

By definition, a prog genre is fully developed when the first album containing (nearly) 100% music in the genre was released. This applies to most of the first wave of prog genres around 1970. Therefore, the present study covers the development of prog up to circa 1970.

Year                                                                         Number of prog songs/albums                                                        Length
                                               Partial prog songs                                                     Full prog songs   Full prog albums    (min)
         Total/Classical/Jazz/Space oriented/Raga/US psyche/UK psyche/Space Rock                                                      
30's       1
40's       3
'53         1
'56         1
'58         1
'59         4
50's       7
'60         0
'61         4
'62         3
'63         7
'64        20
'65        40
'66        47
'67      132
'68
'69                                                                                                                                                                                       

Part 1: Pre-1960

Part 2: The instrumental years: 1960-1963
Pre British Invasion: Jazz, space music, avant, R&B and early rock
(see Captain Capricorn in http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=56498)

This period laid the foundation for the development of space rock (Joe Meek 1960), avant prog (Sun Ra 1962; Sun Ra 1963) and jazz inspired prog (Soft Machine 1963a; 1963b). Also notable for the emergence of the("Emerson like") piano (Stan Kenton 1960), the organ (Booker T & The MG's 1962; 1963a; 1963b) and the clavioline (Joe Meek 1960; The Tornados 1962a-b; 1963a-c) as a lead instrument since the non-use of singing left more room for the instruments. Moreover, genre mixing emerged (Elvis Presley 1960; Stan Kenton 1960b).

The space music of Joe Meek had a clear relationship with the early electronic music (Ussachevsky 1960).

At the same time The Shadows contributed to the development of rock (Shadows 1960b) with bass solo (Shadows 1960c) and bolero (Shadows 1960e). Andy Latimer of Camel seems influenced by Hank Marvin's guitar.

Soft Machine influenced by Sun Ra?

Booker T & The MG's: new sound ahead of it's time.

Use of instruments: introduction of clavioline (Joe Meek, The Tornados), bas solo ("Nivram")

From Ray Charles, Miles Davis, Dave Brubeck and Sun Ra over the Shadows, the Tornados, the Ventures and Booker T, & the MG's to proto-Soft Machine and Beatles ("Not A Second Time").

Other: soundtracks, classical ingredients (Elvis)...

Characteristics (mixing styles, instrumentation, song length etc)

instrumental (except Ray Charles)
6-11 minutes: jazz
3 minutes: R&B
organ, electric guitar, (brass, vocals): R&B
Mix, result: Jazz (brass, long tracks) + R&B (organ, guitar)  = Soft Machine.

Other (non-jazz) route: x + y = Beatles ("Not A Second Time").

Part 3: Beatles give progressive music a voice: 1964-1966 Raga, psyche, space rock
Including birth of rock (Revolver, Cream).

Not A Second Time (Beatles 1963a) signalled a different approach to the development of prog.

Influences from R&B (Animals, Hancock), folk (Dylan, Byrds, Beatles), raga (Seventh Sons, Yardbirds, Kinks, Beatles).

Development of psych (Animals/R&B, Byrds, Jefferson Airplane).

Development on instrumental front: introduction of harmonium (Beatles "We an work it out", "The Word"), acoustic (Beatles "You've got to hide your love away" (12-string acoustic), "Yesterday", "We can work it out", "Girl"; Dylan "Suterranean Homesick Blues"), Twelve-string guitar (A Hard Day's Night, Things We said Today, Hide your Love Away, Ticket to Ride, If I Needed Someone; Leadbelly; the Byrds), organ (Animals)

Partial prog songs

.........

Part 4: 1967 Proto-prog: classical, jazz
Full prog songs

........

Part 5: 1968-69 Prog
Full prog albums (incomplete)

Fifty Foot Hose 'Cauldron' '68
Chrysalis 'Definition' '68
Clouds 'Scrapbook' '68
The Nice 'Ars Longa Vita Brevis'? (?/Nov '68)
East Of Eden 'Mercator Projected' (Dec '68/Feb '69)
King Crimson itCotCK (June-Aug/Oct '69)
East Of Eden 'Snafu' (June-Sept '69/Feb '70)
Renaissance 'Renaissance' (?/Dec '69)
Deep Purple 'Concerto For Group And Orchestra' (Sept/Nov '69)
The Nice 'Five Bridges' (Oct '69/June '70)
White Noise 'An Electric Storm' '69
Family 'A Song For Me' (? '69/Jan '70)
Jethro Tull 'Benefit' (Dec '69/April '70)

References
Playlists of proto-prog:

pre-1966: http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=56103

1966: http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=58145

1967: http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=58595

1968:

1969:

CD reviews:

Miles Davis Milestones 1958 (done!)

Miles Davis Kind Of Blue 1959 (done!)

Soft Machine Man In A Deaf Corner: Anthology 1963-1970 (done!)

Beatles With The Beatles 1963 (next!)

Beatles Past Masters Vol. 2

Beatles A Hard Day's Night 1964

Herbie Hancock Empyrean Isles 1964

The Moody Blues The Magnificient Moodies 1964

Gentle Giant Scraping The Barrel 1964 -

The Who My Generation 1965

Beatles Rubber Soul 1965

Jefferson Airplane Jefferson Airplane Takes Off 1965

Edited by earlyprog - March 04 2011 at 10:48

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earlyprog Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Reviewer page Collaborator Neo / PSIKE / Heavy Teams Joined: March 05 2006 Location: . Status: Offline Points: 2086	Posted: May 21 2009 at 08:53
	Introductory Remarks This is a work in progress appearing extremely sketchy/premature at this stage. Purpose Establish the time-dependency (history / development) of prog i.e. the relationship of R&B/pop/rock with the variables jazz, classical, space music and psyche over time. The first prog genres reach a stable stage circa 1970. Thus, the development of prog up to 1970 is established. The subgenres of prog studied include symphonic prog, space rock, heavy prog, Canterbury... Problem formulation: prog rock genres = f {rock AND (jazz OR R&B OR classical OR psyche OR...)}. Establishment of a system of (qualitative) governing relations i.e. relations that govern the formulation of a prog rock genre relationship between R&B/pop/rock and jazz (time-dependent) where jazz = f(brass instruments, horns) relationship between R&B/pop/rock and classical music (time-dependt) where classical = f(string and woodwind instruments) relationship between R&B/pop/rock and psyche (time-dependency) where UK psyche = f(spontaneity, silly lyrics, drugs, philosophy...? independent of instrumentation?) where US psyche = f(folk) relationship between R&B/pop/rock and space music relationship bteween R&B/pop/rock and other genres (vaudeville, ska, reggae...) Heuristic / phenomenological solving of the system of qualitative relations. Approach Establishing a playlist of proto-prog tracks CD review of pre 1970 albums listed in PA Establishing a method to analyse the relevant music heuristic (phenomenological) solving of qualitative relations Analytic Tool Classification (prog/texture/density achieved by means of "instrumentation") Guitar oriented The Shadows, The Ventures --> rock... Heavy prog / riff based (Who, Hendrix, Andromeda, Led Zeppelin, The Move) RIO/Avant (Captain Beefheart) US Psyche (Jefferson Airplane) UK Psyche (The Move, Who) Keyboard oriented Symphonic (Nice, Arthur Brown) RIO/Avant (The United States Of America) Space pre-Rock (Joe Meek - clavioline; The Tornados) Brass oriented (Miles Davis, Stan Kenton, Sun Ra) Violin oriented (It's A Beautiful Day, High Tide) Orchestra/strings oriented (Nirvana, Moody Blues, Beatles, Doors, Nice, Deep Purple, Yes) Eclectic (guitar, brass/strings/woodwind/mellotron) RIO/Avant (Zappa, Fifty Foot Hose) UK Psyche (Kaleidoscope) US Psyche (The Collectors) Eclectic (Spirit, Pretty Things, East Of Eden, King Crimson, Family) Heavy prog (Jethro Tull, High Tide) Keyboard/guitar oriented The Tornados --> US Psyche (Doors, Iron Butterfly) Heavy Prog / riff based (Deep Purple, Vanilla Fudge, Touch, The Gods) Symphonic (Procol Harum, Renaissance, Yes) Mixed/balanced (Pink Floyd, Soft Machine? The Gods, Second Hand) Eclectic (keyboard, brass/strings/woodwind) (Ertegun, Miles Davis, Dave Brubeck, Sun Ra, Soft Machine, Traffic, HP Lovecraft, USA, Sweet*ter, Collectors, Elmer Gantry) Electronic (Messiaen, Cage, Loius & Bebe Barron, Edgard Varese, Ussachevsky, Dockstader, Joe Meek, The Tornados, The Ventures) Classification by means of style Jazz (Sun Ra --> Space Rock) R&B (Ertegun/Ray Charles, Booker T. & The MG's, The Animals ---(+folk)--> Jefferson Airplane (Doors)/US Psyche --> Pink Floyd/Space Rock) Folk (The Byrds --(+R&B)--> US Psyche; Prog folk: Shadows) Classical (Elvis, Beatles) Electronic (Messiaen, Cage, Louis & Bebe Barron, Varese, Ussachevsky, Dockstader, Joe Meek, The Tornados, The Ventures, Pink Floyd) Rock (The Shadows -->...) Quantification record sales chart positions Technology Resources People Equipment (instruments, processing equipment,recording equipment) "Materials" (ingredients/components: genre, rhythm, length etc) jazz electronic music space music avangarde rock Processes & Knowledge (of how to combine / composition of the resources into a musical piece) Composing playing (skills, virtuosity) recording live, concerts (creativity, skills) Organization (of resources and processes into a musical product) when, what guitar led, keyboard driven e.g. eclectic mix of resources and proceses Musical product novel, innovative mix of resources, processes and organization Recording studios Abbey Road ... Producers Joe Meek George Martin Chris Blackwell Teo Macero Norman Smith (Sgt. Pepper, Piper, Sorrow) Instruments (introduced in R&B/rock/...) Les Paul Theremin Moog (Beaver & Krause, George Harrison) the harpsichord (Beach Boys, Rolling Stones, Yardbirds, Hendrix) 12-string (Harrison, McGuinn) sitar mellotron (Graham Bond Organisation, Beatles, Moody Blues, Rolling Stones, Zombies, Pretty Things, King Crimson, Simon Dupree) orchestra (Bealtes, Nirvana, Moody Blues) woodwind brass strings synthesizer (Beaver & Krause) organ Skills (virtuosity) brass (Miles Davis...) keyboard (Dave Brubeck, Rod Argent, Emerson...) guitar (Roger McGuinn --> Howe (e.g. Tomorrow's cover of Byrds' "Why"), Kantner/Kaukonen, Hendrix) bass (McCartney, Entwistle, Squire) strings woodwind (Ian Anderson) drums (Wyatt) Processes concept album (Frank Sinatra 'In the wee small hours of the mornin' + 'Watertown'; soundtracks e.g. South Pacific; Miles Davis 'Porgy And Bess', Lee Hazelwood Trouble is a Lonesome Town* (1963) Beach Boys, Zappa, Nirvana 'Story Of Simon Simopath', Pretty Things 'S.F. Sorrow', Moody Blues, Who 'Tommy', The Collectors 'Grass And Wild Strawberries') long tracks (epics), see http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=21495&KW=&PID=1925817#1925817 and http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=21669&PN=1 and http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=23727&KW=&PID=1990258#1990258 Genres, styles raga (Seventh Sons, Kinks, Yardbirds, Beatles) US psyche (Animals, Byrds, Jefferson Airplane) UK psyche (Yardbirds, Kevin Ayers/Soft Machine, Syd Barrett/Pink Floyd, Tomorrow, Zappa, Pretty Things, Family) space rock (The Who, Pink Floyd) folk (Byrds, Jefferson Airplane) jazz (Soft Machine, Spirit, Nirvana, Nice) classical (Beatles, Nice): proto symphonic prog R&B, rock (Deep Purple, The Gods): proto heavy prog other (ska, reggae, vaudeville...) Market (e.g. culture). Record labels Phillips' Vertigo Swirl http://www.vertigoswirl.com/ Dandelion http://www.trevormidgley.com/Dandelion.html Decca's Deram label EMI's Harvest label Manticore, Neon, Charisma, Chrysalis (Island), Virgin german label Brain please add! Clubs London Speakeasy Roundhouse UFO Middle Earth Marquee Club San Francisco The Matrix ('65-'72) please add! Concert venues, festivals Fillmore West Fillmore East The Newport Folk And Jazz Festival Tanglewood please add! Charts Billboard 200 albums Billboard 100 singles Record Mirror ’56-’58; Melody Maker ’58-’60; Record Retailer ’60-’72 Societal changes drugs philosophy summer of love British Invasion (Beatles 1964) The Development of Proto-Prog (introduction(background) Prog was initiated as a cultural phenomenon. It was expressed in music, first (circa 1964) via segments of songs (Animals, Beatles, Yardbirds, Who, Beach Boys), then (circa 1966) entire songs (Soft Machine, Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd, Doors) and finally (1968) via entire albums (possibly, Ars longa vita Brevis, East Of Eden 'Mercator Projected', Vanilla Fudge 'Renaissance', The Crazy World of Arthur Brown, HP Lovecraft II, Touch, Soft Machine). But it seems that prog rock as an album concept was introduced on ItCotCK. On the live scene, possibly Soft Machine and Pink Floyd were playing entire gigs of 'prog' in 1966. The variables of prog (jazz, R&B, folk, rock, psyche) are chosen by establishing links with proto-prog bands. For instance, jazz: Canterbury (Soft Machine) R&B:space rock? US psyche In 1966-1968 most (all?) proto-prog bands experimented with a mix of rock, jazz, psyche, raga, space rock. This suggests that prog = f(rock,psyche, space rock, jazz, raga). By definition, a prog genre is fully developed when the first album containing (nearly) 100% music in the genre was released. This applies to most of the first wave of prog genres around 1970. Therefore, the present study covers the development of prog up to circa 1970. Year Number of prog songs/albums Length Partial prog songs Full prog songs Full prog albums (min) Total/Classical/Jazz/Space oriented/Raga/US psyche/UK psyche/Space Rock 30's 1 40's 3 '53 1 '56 1 '58 1 '59 4 50's 7 '60 0 '61 4 '62 3 '63 7 '64 20 '65 40 '66 47 '67 132 '68 '69 Part 1: Pre-1960 Part 2: The instrumental years: 1960-1963 Pre British Invasion: Jazz, space music, avant, R&B and early rock (see Captain Capricorn in http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=56498) This period laid the foundation for the development of space rock (Joe Meek 1960), avant prog (Sun Ra 1962; Sun Ra 1963) and jazz inspired prog (Soft Machine 1963a; 1963b). Also notable for the emergence of the("Emerson like") piano (Stan Kenton 1960), the organ (Booker T & The MG's 1962; 1963a; 1963b) and the clavioline (Joe Meek 1960; The Tornados 1962a-b; 1963a-c) as a lead instrument since the non-use of singing left more room for the instruments. Moreover, genre mixing emerged (Elvis Presley 1960; Stan Kenton 1960b). The space music of Joe Meek had a clear relationship with the early electronic music (Ussachevsky 1960). At the same time The Shadows contributed to the development of rock (Shadows 1960b) with bass solo (Shadows 1960c) and bolero (Shadows 1960e). Andy Latimer of Camel seems influenced by Hank Marvin's guitar. Soft Machine influenced by Sun Ra? Booker T & The MG's: new sound ahead of it's time. Use of instruments: introduction of clavioline (Joe Meek, The Tornados), bas solo ("Nivram") From Ray Charles, Miles Davis, Dave Brubeck and Sun Ra over the Shadows, the Tornados, the Ventures and Booker T, & the MG's to proto-Soft Machine and Beatles ("Not A Second Time"). Other: soundtracks, classical ingredients (Elvis)... Characteristics (mixing styles, instrumentation, song length etc) instrumental (except Ray Charles) 6-11 minutes: jazz 3 minutes: R&B organ, electric guitar, (brass, vocals): R&B Mix, result: Jazz (brass, long tracks) + R&B (organ, guitar) = Soft Machine. Other (non-jazz) route: x + y = Beatles ("Not A Second Time"). Part 3: Beatles give progressive music a voice: 1964-1966 Raga, psyche, space rock Including birth of rock (Revolver, Cream). Not A Second Time (Beatles 1963a) signalled a different approach to the development of prog. Influences from R&B (Animals, Hancock), folk (Dylan, Byrds, Beatles), raga (Seventh Sons, Yardbirds, Kinks, Beatles). Development of psych (Animals/R&B, Byrds, Jefferson Airplane). Development on instrumental front: introduction of harmonium (Beatles "We an work it out", "The Word"), acoustic (Beatles "You've got to hide your love away" (12-string acoustic), "Yesterday", "We can work it out", "Girl"; Dylan "Suterranean Homesick Blues"), Twelve-string guitar (A Hard Day's Night, Things We said Today, Hide your Love Away, Ticket to Ride, If I Needed Someone; Leadbelly; the Byrds), organ (Animals) Partial prog songs ......... Part 4: 1967 Proto-prog: classical, jazz Full prog songs ........ Part 5: 1968-69 Prog Full prog albums (incomplete) Fifty Foot Hose 'Cauldron' '68 Chrysalis 'Definition' '68 Clouds 'Scrapbook' '68 The Nice 'Ars Longa Vita Brevis'? (?/Nov '68) East Of Eden 'Mercator Projected' (Dec '68/Feb '69) King Crimson itCotCK (June-Aug/Oct '69) East Of Eden 'Snafu' (June-Sept '69/Feb '70) Renaissance 'Renaissance' (?/Dec '69) Deep Purple 'Concerto For Group And Orchestra' (Sept/Nov '69) The Nice 'Five Bridges' (Oct '69/June '70) White Noise 'An Electric Storm' '69 Family 'A Song For Me' (? '69/Jan '70) Jethro Tull 'Benefit' (Dec '69/April '70) References Playlists of proto-prog: pre-1966: http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=56103 1966: http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=58145 1967: http://www.progarchives.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=58595 1968: 1969: CD reviews: Miles Davis Milestones 1958 (done!) Miles Davis Kind Of Blue 1959 (done!) Soft Machine Man In A Deaf Corner: Anthology 1963-1970 (done!) Beatles With The Beatles 1963 (next!) Beatles Past Masters Vol. 2 Beatles A Hard Day's Night 1964 Herbie Hancock Empyrean Isles 1964 The Moody Blues The Magnificient Moodies 1964 Gentle Giant Scraping The Barrel 1964 - The Who My Generation 1965 Beatles Rubber Soul 1965 Jefferson Airplane Jefferson Airplane Takes Off 1965 Edited by earlyprog - March 04 2011 at 10:48